The Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Rosuvastatin in Wound Healing in Rabbits: A Longitudinal Study.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) improves wound healing in rabbits by analyzing morphologic alterations in lesions with the use of PRP alone or combined with rosuvastatin (RSV). METHODS: Eight adult male New Zealand rabbits were used in this study. Researchers created four wounds on the back of each rabbit with an 8-mm punch. The control wound was treated with a 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Experimental wounds were treated with PRP, RSV, or both PRP and RSV. Dressings were changed with a new application of PRP and RSV every 4 days for 16 days. Wounds were biopsied on days 0, 7, 10, 14, and 17 for histopathologic evaluation of the scar tissue. MAIN RESULTS: Histopathology revealed reepithelialization in 100% of wounds treated with PRP alone after 17 days of treatment, compared with 50% of wounds treated with RSV alone and 75% of the wounds treated with PRP and RSV. Further, combining RSV and PRP reduced blood loss. The use of PRP alone induced 100% neovascularization, compared with 50% and 62.5% in wounds treated with PRP and RSV and RSV alone, respectively. All experimental wounds had a higher percentage of collagen fibers on day 17 postlesion when compared with control wounds (78.27% ± 4.69%). There were no significant differences among treatments; however, wounds treated with RSV alone had the lowest amount of collagen fibers (85.98% ± 3.51%). Wounds treated with PRP alone or PRP and RSV had 90.07% ± 6.20% and 90.76% ± 3.51% collagen fibers, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that PRP elicits higher healing activity in the first 7 days postlesion. Treatments with RSV alone or RSV and PRP did enhance other healing phases.

Kinetic and avidity of IgY anti-Toxocara antibodies in experimentally infected chickens.

Toxocariasis is a geohelminth zoonosis with worldwide distribution, mainly transmitted through the ingestion of embryonated eggs of nematodes of the Toxocara genus. The disease can also be transmitted to humans as a result of eating raw or undercooked meat of paratenic hosts, such as chickens. Here, we standardized an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for evaluating experimentally the kinetic and avidity index (AI) of IgY in broiler chickens infected with different doses of Toxocara canis eggs (G1:100; G2: 1000; and G3: 5000; n = 12 per group). The test showed 91.7% sensitivity (CI 95%: 77.5-98.3) and 100% specificity (CI 95%: 92.6-100), and highest efficiency (97.0%) at 60 days post infection. Infection was characterized by the presence of high avidity antibodies in the chronic phase. Our results support that the ELISA can be a highly useful tool for the detection of anti-Toxocara antibodies in chickens.

Kinetics and avidity of anti-Toxocara antibodies (IgG) in rabbits experimentally infected with Toxocara canis.

An evaluation was made of the kinetics and avidity of anti-Toxocara antibodies (IgG) in rabbits experimentally infected with embryonated Toxocara canis eggs. Seventeen four month old New Zealand White rabbits were distributed into two groups. In the experimental group, twelve rabbits were infected orally with 1,000 embryonated T. canis eggs. A second group (n = 5), uninfected, was used as a control. Serum samples were collected for analysis on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 60 post-infection (DPI). An indirect ELISA test was performed to evaluate the reactivity index (RI) of IgG anti-T. canis antibodies and to calculate the avidity index (AI). The animals showed seroconversion from the 14th DPI, with high AI (over 50%) except for one animal, which presented an intermediate AI. At 60 DPI, all the animals were seropositive and maintained a high AI. The data indicated that specific IgG antibodies formed early (14 DPI) in rabbits infected with T. canis, with a high avidity index that persisted throughout the course of the infection.

Kinetics and avidity of anti-Toxocara antibodies (IgG) in rabbits experimentally infected with Toxocara canis / Cinética e avidez de anticorpos (IgG) anti-Toxocara em coelhos experimentalmente infectados com Toxocara canis

Abstract An evaluation was made of the kinetics and avidity of anti-Toxocara antibodies (IgG) in rabbits experimentally infected with embryonated Toxocara canis eggs. Seventeen four month old New Zealand White rabbits were distributed into two groups. In the experimental group, twelve rabbits were infected orally with 1,000 embryonated T. canis eggs. A second group (n = 5), uninfected, was used as a control. Serum samples were collected for analysis on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 60 post-infection (DPI). An indirect ELISA test was performed to evaluate the reactivity index (RI) of IgG anti-T. canis antibodies and to calculate the avidity index (AI). The animals showed seroconversion from the 14th DPI, with high AI (over 50%) except for one animal, which presented an intermediate AI. At 60 DPI, all the animals were seropositive and maintained a high AI. The data indicated that specific IgG antibodies formed early (14 DPI) in rabbits infected with T. canis, with a high avidity index that persisted throughout the course of the infection.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar a cinética e a avidez de anticorpos anti-Toxocara canis, em coelhas infectadas experimentalmente com ovos embrionados de Toxocara canis. Foram utilizados 17 coelhos New Zealand de linhagem branca, com quatro meses de idade, distribuídos em dois grupos. No grupo experimental, doze coelhas foram infectadas, oralmente, com 1.000 ovos larvados de T. canis. Um segundo grupo (n=5), não infectado, foi utilizado como controle. Nos dias 7, 14, 21, 28 e 60 pós-infecção (DPI), foram coletadas amostras de soro para análise. O teste de ELISA indireto foi realizado para avaliar o índice de reatividade (IR) de anticorpos IgG anti-T. canis e para cálculo do índice de avidez (IA). A soroconversão nos animais ocorreu a partir do140 DPI, com verificação de alto IA (superior a 50%), com exceção de um animal, que apresentou médio IA. Aos 60 DPI, todos os animais foram soropositivos e mantiveram alto IA. Os dados mostram que em coelhos infectados por T. canis, anticorpos IgG específicos formam-se precocemente (14 DPI), apresentando alto índice de avidez e que se mantém durante o curso da infecção.

Effects of heterologous platelet-rich plasma gel on standardized dermal wound healing in rabbits.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the potential of heterologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel for surgical skin wound healing in rabbits. METHODS: Blood from a single healthy dog was used for PRP production, with calcium gluconate added to the PRP to form the gel. Two surgical excisions, one to the right and the other to the left of the dorsal midline, were made in six rabbits. One side was randomly allocated to topical application of a physiological solution, and the other was allocated to treatment with heterologous PRP gel. Clinical assessments (weight, pain sensitivity, coloring, edema, hyperemia, exudation, crust, and granulation) and morphometric evaluations were performed 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 17 days postoperatively. Histological analysis was performed on the 17th day. RESULTS: With the exception of the presence of a crust at day 10, clinical variables did not differ significantly between the experimental groups. In both the control and PRP-treated groups, differences were identified when comparing time-points in terms of wound area reduction. Histological results indicated no significant differences between the control group and the PRP-treated group. CONCLUSION: Heterologous platelet-rich plasma gel promoted dermal wound healing in rabbits with no adverse effects.

Effects of heterologous platelet-rich plasma gel on standardized dermal wound healing in rabbits

PURPOSE: To evaluate the potential of heterologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel for surgical skin wound healing in rabbits METHODS: Blood from a single healthy dog was used for PRP production, with calcium gluconate added to the PRP to form the gel. Two surgical excisions, one to the right and the other to the left of the dorsal midline, were made in six rabbits. One side was randomly allocated to topical application of a physiological solution, and the other was allocated to treatment with heterologous PRP gel. Clinical assessments (weight, pain sensitivity, coloring, edema, hyperemia, exudation, crust, and granulation) and morphometric evaluations were performed 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 17 days postoperatively. Histological analysis was performed on the 17th day. RESULTS: With the exception of the presence of a crust at day 10, clinical variables did not differ significantly between the experimental groups. In both the control and PRP-treated groups, differences were identified when comparing time-points in terms of wound area reduction. Histological results indicated no significant differences between the control group and the PRP-treated group. CONCLUSION: Heterologous platelet-rich plasma gel promoted dermal wound healing in rabbits with no adverse effects. .

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory therapy: changes on renal function of healthy dogs.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the renal function in healthy dogs submitted to nonselective and preferential COX-2 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy. METHODS: Twenty four healthy dogs were distributed into four groups (G) (n=6): ketoprofenG--treated with ketoprofen; nimesulideG--treated with nimesulid; meloxicanG--treated with meloxican; and etodolacG--treated with etodolaco. All the dogs received the NSAIDs for 10 days by oral route. Physical examination and renal function (urinalysis, urinary sodium and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), serum urea, creatinine, potassium and sodium, and endogenous creatinine clearance) were evaluated before, after five and ten days (T0, T5 and T10) of the treatment in all groups. RESULTS: Changes were observed in urinalysis, with a significant increase in renal cells in the urine at T5 and T10 in nimesulideG. Significant reduction in urinary sodium in nimesulideG at T5 was observed. The clearance values were lower in ketoprofenG at T10. CONCLUSIONS: Meloxicam and etodolac were the drugs that have proven to be safer for short-term therapy in healthy dogs in relation to renal function. NSAIDs ketoprofen and nimesulide should be used judiciously in dogs with renal dysfunction, since there are promoted changes in renal function.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory therapy: changes on renal function of healthy dogs

PURPOSE: To evaluate the renal function in healthy dogs submitted to nonselective and preferential COX-2 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy. METHODS: Twenty four healthy dogs were distributed into four groups (G) (n=6): ketoprofenG - treated with ketoprofen; nimesulideG - treated with nimesulid; meloxicanG - treated with meloxican; and etodolacG - treated with etodolaco. All the dogs received the NSAIDs for 10 days by oral route. Physical examination and renal function (urinalysis, urinary sodium and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), serum urea, creatinine, potassium and sodium, and endogenous creatinine clearance) were evaluated before, after five and ten days (T0, T5 and T10) of the treatment in all groups. RESULTS: Changes were observed in urinalysis, with a significant increase in renal cells in the urine at T5 and T10 in nimesulideG. Significant reduction in urinary sodium in nimesulideG at T5 was observed. The clearance values were lower in ketoprofenG at T10. CONCLUSIONS: Meloxicam and etodolac were the drugs that have proven to be safer for short-term therapy in healthy dogs in relation to renal function. NSAIDs ketoprofen and nimesulide should be used judiciously in dogs with renal dysfunction, since there are promoted changes in renal function.

Cardiac markers: profile in rats experimentally infected with Toxocara canis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of the enzymes creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in Wistar rats infected with 250 (GI, n = 24) or 1000 (GII, n = 24) Toxocara canis eggs. Animals were evaluated on days 7, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 post-infection (DPI). Only the GI rats showed an increase in CK and CK-MB, at 15 and 30 DPI, respectively. Anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies were detected by ELISA in infected animals. Despite of the presence of eosinophilic infiltrate in the heart of three infected animals, none larva was recovered from the organ neither by acid digestion nor by Baermann procedure. Eosinophilia was observed in both groups but there was no significant difference in the eosinophil counts between GI and GII (p = 0.2239). It is possible to consider that cardiac lesion is an eventual finding in murine model for toxocariasis.

Função renal, hepática e cardíaca de cães hígidos sob terapia prolongada com celecoxibe / Renal, hepatic and cardiac function in healthy dogs during long-term celecoxib therapy

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da terapia prolongada com celecoxibe sobre a função renal, hepática e cardíaca em cães hígidos. Foram utilizados 12 cães fêmeas, divididos em 2 grupos: Gcelecoxibe: terapia com celecoxibe, na dose de 5mg kg-1 por via oral, a cada 12 horas, durante 20 dias (peso médio de 8,9±1,6); Gcontrole: terapia com placebo, a cada 12 horas, por via oral, 20 dias (peso médio de 9,8±1,8). O exame físico, a função renal (urinálise; gamaglutamil transpeptidase -GGT e sódio urinários; ureia, creatinina, sódio e potássio séricos; e clearance endógeno de creatinina), tempo de coagulação (TC), biomarcadores cardíacos (creatinofosfoquinase -CK e creatinofosfoquinase fração MB- CK-MB) e função hepática (alanina aminotransferase -ALT, aspartato aminotransferase -AST e albumina) foram avaliados antes, aos 5, 10 e 20 dias (T0, T5, T10 e T20) do tratamento. No Gcelecoxibe, os valores de clearance de creatinina revelaram diminuição significativa no T20, em relação ao T0 e T5, bem como redução em relação ao Gcontrole em T10 e T20. A urinálise, sódio, potássio, ureia e creatinina séricos, enzima GGT urinária e o TC não apresentaram variação entre os momentos ou grupos avaliados. Houve aumento significativo de CK-MB no T20 e ALT no T5, T10 e T20 no Gcelecoxibe, entretanto, com valores dentro da normalidade para cães. Conclui-se que o celecoxibe revelou-se seguro em relação ao perfil cardíaco e hepático em cães sadios, mesmo sob terapia prolongada. Sob vigência de terapia prolongada, deve ser usado cautelosamente em cães portadores de alterações renais.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of long-term celecoxib therapy on renal, hepatic and cardiac profiles in healthy dogs. Twelve female were randomly assigned to 2 groups (G): Gcelecoxib: treated with celecoxib orally (5mg kg-1), every 12 hours, for 20 days (8.9±1.6 body weight); Gcontrol: received placebo orally, every 12 hours, for 20 days (9.8±1.8 body weight). Physical examination, renal function (urinalysis, urinary sodium and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase -GGT), serum urea, creatinine, potassium and sodium, and endogenous creatinine clearance), clotting time (CT), cardiac biomarkers (creatine phosphokinase -CK and CK-MB) and liver function (aspartate aminotransferase -AST, alanine aminotransferase -ALT and albumin) were evaluated before, at 5, 10 and 20 days (T0, T5, T10 and T20) of treatment. The creatinine clearance values showed significant decrease at T20, in relation to T0 and T5 in the Gcelecoxib, and reduction in relation to Gcontrol at T10 and T20. The urinalysis, values of sodium, potassium, urea and creatinine serum and urinary GGT enzyme showed no difference through the study between moments or groups. There was a significant increase on CK values at T20 and on ALT values at T5, T10 and T20 in the Gcelecoxib, however with normal range values for dogs. Celecoxib revealed to be safe in relation to cardiac and hepatic profiles, even under prolonged therapy. However, it should be used judiciously during long-term therapy in dogs with renal dysfunction.

New kidney immobilization method for percutaneous renal biopsy technique in cats: Operational aspects and complications / Novo método de imobilização do rim para biopsia renal percutânea em gatos: Aspectos operacionais e complicações

PURPOSE: Evaluate a new immobilization kidney method for collecting blind percutaneous renal biopsies (RB) in healthy cats. METHODS: Ten cats were biopsied by a modified blinded percutaneous technique using semi-automated needles. Were evaluated the operational aspects of the technique, its complications, and the quality of the obtained samples. The evaluation included physical examination, hemogram, urinalysis, abdominal ultrasound, renal function, and histopathology of the biopsy specimens. RESULTS: The developed technique was fast and easy to perform; it required two operators, and the right kidney was elected for specimen collection. After the RB, a decrease in hematocrit levels was observed in addition to hematuria and perirenal transient hematoma; however, no clinical consequences were observed, and normal parameters were restored within 48 hrs. There were no major complications or deaths, alterations in the physical examination or renal function, or signs of infection. Of the samples, 95 percent revealed the presence of renal tissue, and in 100 percent of the cats the samples were of diagnostic quality. CONCLUSION: The technique was easily performed, provided adequate material for diagnosis with minimal transient complications.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar um novo método de imobilização do rim para coleta de biopsia renal (BR) percutânea às cegas em gatos hígidos. MÉTODOS: Dez gatos foram biopsiados por uma técnica de biopsia percutânea às cegas modificada, com uso de agulha semi-automática. Foram avaliados os aspectos operacionais da técnica, complicações e a qualidade das amostras obtidas. A avaliação incluiu exame físico, hemograma, urinálise, ultrassonografia abdominal, função renal e análise histopatológica do espécime de biopsia. RESULTADOS: A técnica foi de fácil realização; foram requeridos dois operadores, e o rim direito foi eleito para a coleta da BR. Após a BR, diminuição do hematócrito foi observada, em conjunto com hematúria e hematoma peri-renal transitório; entretanto, não foram observadas conseqüências clínicas, e os parâmetros normais foram restabelecidos em 48 horas. Não ocorreram complicações maiores ou óbitos, alterações ao exame físico, função renal ou sinais de infecção. Das amostras obtidas, 95 por cento revelaram presença de tecido renal, e em 100 por cento dos gatos as amostras apresentaram qualidade para diagnóstico. CONCLUSÃO: A técnica foi realizada facilmente, forneceu material adequado para diagnóstico, com complicações clínicas mínimas.

New kidney immobilization method for percutaneous renal biopsy technique in cats. Operational aspects and complications.

PURPOSE: Evaluate a new immobilization kidney method for collecting blind percutaneous renal biopsies (RB) in healthy cats. METHODS: Ten cats were biopsied by a modified blinded percutaneous technique using semi-automated needles. Were evaluated the operational aspects of the technique, its complications, and the quality of the obtained samples. The evaluation included physical examination, hemogram, urinalysis, abdominal ultrasound, renal function, and histopathology of the biopsy specimens. RESULTS: The developed technique was fast and easy to perform; it required two operators, and the right kidney was elected for specimen collection. After the RB, a decrease in hematocrit levels was observed in addition to hematuria and perirenal transient hematoma; however, no clinical consequences were observed, and normal parameters were restored within 48 hrs. There were no major complications or deaths, alterations in the physical examination or renal function, or signs of infection. Of the samples, 95% revealed the presence of renal tissue, and in 100% of the cats the samples were of diagnostic quality. CONCLUSION: The technique was easily performed, provided adequate material for diagnosis with minimal transient complications.

Cardiac markers: profile in rats experimentally infected with Toxocara canis / Marcadores cardíacos: perfil em ratos infectados experimentalmente com Toxocara canis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of the enzymes creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in Wistar rats infected with 250 (GI, n = 24) or 1000 (GII, n = 24) Toxocara canis eggs. Animals were evaluated on days 7, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 post-infection (DPI). Only the GI rats showed an increase in CK and CK-MB, at 15 and 30 DPI, respectively. Anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies were detected by ELISA in infected animals. Despite of the presence of eosinophilic infiltrate in the heart of three infected animals, none larva was recovered from the organ neither by acid digestion nor by Baermann procedure. Eosinophilia was observed in both groups but there was no significant difference in the eosinophil counts between GI and GII (p = 0.2239). It is possible to consider that cardiac lesion is an eventual finding in murine model for toxocariasis

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o perfil das enzimas creatinoquinase (CK), creatinoquinase-MB (CK-MB) e lactato desidrogenase (LDH) em ratos Wistar infectados com 250 (GI, n = 24) ou 1000 (GII, n = 24) ovos de Toxocara canis. Os animais foram avaliados nos dias 7, 15, 30, 60, 120 e 180 pós-infecção (DPI). Observou-se que apenas os animais do GI apresentaram aumento da atividade de CK e CK-MB aos 15 e 30 DPI, respectivamente. Anticorpos anti-T. canis foram detectados por ELISA nos animais infectados. Apesar da presença de infiltrado eosinofílico em três animais infectados, nenhuma larva foi recuperada do coração pela digestão ácida ou pela técnica de Baermann. Eosinofilia foi observada em todos os momentos em GI e GII, sem diferença significativa entre os grupos (p = 0,2239). Pode-se considerar que as lesões cardíacas foram um achado eventual no modelo murino para toxocaríase.

Effect of Mikania glomerata (Asteraceae) leaf extract combined with anti-venom serum on experimental Crotalus durissus (Squamata: Viperidae) envenomation in rats.

Crotalic envenomation represents the highest number of deaths when compared to other snakebite envenomations of medical interest. Crotalic venom has important characteristics such as neurotoxicity, myotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and clotting and hemolytic action. We evaluated the clinical and laboratory aspects of Crotalus durissus terrificus experimental envenomation in Wistar rats treated with antivenom and the aqueous extract of the plant Mikania glomerata. The animals were divided into three groups: Group C (control); Group VS-venom and antivenom; Group VSM-venom, antivenom and aqueous extract of M. glomerata. Crotalic poison caused clinical and laboratory alterations in Wistar mice. Significant clinical alterations were: temperature decrease, edema in the venom inoculated member, sedation and a locomotion decrease in groups VS and VSM when compared with group C. A faster recovery from sedation was observed only for animals of group VSM when compared to VS. There was an increase in the number of leukocytes, neutrophils and creatine kinase in the VS and VSM groups, compared to group C. Wistar rats showed a high resistance to crotalic venom. Additional studies with different doses, time of treatment, different administration methods and histopathological and immunological studies are necessary to understand the action of M. glomerata in crotalic accidents.

Estudo comparativo da intoxicação experimental por amitraz entre cães e gatos / Comparative study of experimental amitraz intoxication betweendogs and cats

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar as características em comum e as diferenças observadas na intoxicação induzida por 1 mg/kg de amitraz, IV, em cães e gatos. Os principais sinais clínicos observados em comum foram sedação, hipotermia, bradicardia, bradiarritmias, hipotensão, bradipnéia, midríase e hiperglicemia transitória, porém a intensidade destes sinais foi diferente entre as espécies. A hipotermia foi mais acentuada em gatos. Os cães foram mais sensíveis às alterações cardiorespiratórias apresentando diminuição mais significativa na freqüência cardíaca e respiratória, além de ocorrência de maior número de bradiarritmias. Os gatos apresentaram midríase mais prolongada do que os cães. Observou-se hiperglicemia e hipoinsulinemia transitórias e diminuição transitória dos níveis plasmáticos de cortisol em ambas espécies, porém os gatos apresentaram um pico de hiperglicemia maior e mais precoce do que os cães, e com relação aos níveis plasmáticos de cortisol, os cães apresentaram uma diminuição mais acentuada do que os gatos. O tempo médio de retorno da sedação foi mais prolongado em gatos. Estes resultados mostraram que a intoxicação por amitraz entre cães e gatos é muito similar, porém os gatos demonstraram maior sensibilidade à indução de hipotermia e hiperglicemia, além de midríase e um tempo médio de retorno da sedação mais prolongado, enquanto os cães apresentaram diminuição mais acentuada nos parâmetros cardiorespiratórios e dos níveis plasmáticos de cortisol do que os gatos.

The objective of the present work was to study the characteristics in common and the differences observed in the intoxication by amitraz 1 mg/kg, IV, in dogs and cats. The main clinical signs observed in common were sedation, hypothermia, bradycardia, bradyarrhytmia, hypotension, bradypnea, mydriasis and transitory hyperglycemia, however the intensity of these signs was different among the species. he hypothermia was more accentuated in cats than in dogs. The dogs were more sensitive to the cardiorespiratory alterations presenting more significant decrease in the heart and breathing frequency, besides occurrence of larger bradyarrhytmia number. The cats presented more prolong mydriasis than the dogs. It was observed hyperglycemia and transitory hypoinsulinemia and transitory decrease of the plasmatic levels of cortisol, however the cats presented a hyperglycemia pick more accentuated and more precocious than the dogs, and regarding the plasmatic levels of cortisol, the dogs presented a decrease more accentuated than the cats. In the medium time of return of the sedation smaller in cat. These results demonstrated that the amitraz intoxication between dogs and cats is very similar, however the cats showed more sensibility to the hypothermia and hyperglycemia induction, besides mydriasis and the medium time of return of sedation more prolong, while the dogs presented a decrease more accentuated in the cardiorespiratory parameters and of the plasmatic levels of cortisol than the cats.

Uso tópico do amitraz em concentração terapêutica em gatos / Topical use of amitraz in therapeutic concentration in cats

O amitraz é um inseticida do grupo das formamidinas muito utilizado como acaricida e carrapaticida em medicina veterinária. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as alterações induzidas com o uso do amitraz por via tópica, através de banho, em concentração terapêutica de 0,05 por cento, avaliando-se a freqüência cardíaca, o eletrocardiograma, a pressão arterial sistólica, a freqüência respiratória, a temperatura retal, o diâmetro pupilar e o grau de sedação, além da dosagem da concentração de glicose, insulina e cortisol. As alterações observadas foram diminuição da pressão arterial, hipotermia, vômito, salivação, midríase, grau de sedação leve e aumento no nível de glicose. Alguns animais, individualmente, em alguns momentos, também apresentaram arritmia sinusal. Apesar de ter ocorrido diminuição da freqüência cardíaca e pressão arterial sistólica e aumento no nível de glicose, esses valores estavam dentro da normalidade referida para a espécie felina. O trabalho demonstrou que a utilização do amitraz por via tópica em concentração terapêutica é segura em gatos hígidos e, assim como ocorre em outras espécies, o seu uso deve ser contra-indicado em gatos diabéticos, com problemas cardíacos e hipotérmicos.

Amitraz is an insecticide of the formamidine group very used as acaricide and tickicide in veterinary medicine. The present research was aimed at analyzing the alterations induced by the topical use of amitraz in therapeutic concentration of 0.05 percent. Heart rate, electrocardiogram, systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, pupil diameter and degree of sedation, dosage of the glucose, insulin and cortisol concentration were measurements. The alterations were blood pressure decrease, hypothermia, vomit, salivation, mydriasis, light degree of sedation and increase in plasma glucose level. Some animals also presented sinusal arrhthymia. In spite of having occurred decrease of the heart rate and systolic blood pressure and increase in the glucose levels, these values were inside of the normality referred for the feline species. The research demonstrated that the use of the amitraz by topical way in therapeutic concentration is safe in healthy cats, and as well as it happens in other species, itÆs use should be contraindicated in cats with diabetic, heart problems and hypothermia.

Gama-glutamil transpeptidase urinária como indicador de insuficiência renal aguda induzida por gentamicina em cães / Gama glutamil transpeptidase urinaria como indicador de insuficiencia renal aguda inducida por gentamicina en perros / Urinary gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase as an indicator of acute renal failure induced by gentamicin in dogs

Com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade da enzima gama-glutamil transpeptidase urinária (GGT) no diagnóstico da insuficiência renal aguda (IRA) induzida pelo uso da gentamicina, em comparação com a avaliação da urinálise e dos níveis séricos de uréia e creatinina, foram estudados 11 cães, machos, adultos, hígidos, sem definição racial e submetidos à administração de gentamicina em dose nefrotóxica, até o estabelecimento de azotemia, sendo avaliados diariamente com exames físicos e laboratoriais. Os resultados demonstraram que a atividade da enzima GGT urinária revelou elevação significativa após quatro dias da aplicação da gentamicina, enquanto os níveis séricos de uréia e creatinina elevaram-se significativamente após sete dias. Alterações de urinálise foram concomitantes ou ligeiramente tardias (cinco dias) às alterações da GGT urinária. Estes resultados demonstram que a GGT é um indicador confiável e precoce da insuficiência renal aguda induzida por gentamicina em cães

This study assesses the urinary gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity as a diagnostic indicator of acute gentamicin-induced renal failure (AGIRF) in relation to urinalysis assessment and the levels of serum urea and creatinine. Eleven adult, male, healthy, mongrel dogs were administered with nefrotoxic doses of gentamicin until azotemy, which was detected by daily physical and laboratory exams. Urinary GGT was significantly increased after a 4-day gentamicin administration, while serum urea and creatinine levels significantly increased after 7 days. Urinalysis changes occurred concomitantly or slightly after (5 days) GGT increase. These results support that urinary GGT is a reliable and early indicator of acute renal failure induced by gentamicin in dogs

Con el objetivo de evaluar la actividad de la enzima gama glutamil transpeptidase urinaria (GGT) en El diagnostico de la insuficiencia renal aguda (IRA) inducida por el uso de la gentamicina, en comparación con la evaluación de la orinase y de los niveles séricos de la urea y creatinina, fueron estudiados 11 perros, machos, adultos, sanos, sin definición de raza y sometidos a la administración de gentamicina en dosis nefrotóxica, hasta el establecimiento de azotemia, siendo evaluados diariamente con exámenes físicos y de laboratorio. Los resultados demostraron que la actividad de la enzima GGT urinaria reveló elevación significativa después de cuatro días de la aplicación de la gentamicina, mientras los niveles séricos de urea y creatinina alzaron significativamente después de siete días. Alteraciones de orinase fueron concomitantes o ligeramente tardías (cinco días) las alteraciones de la GGT urinaria. Los resultados demostraron que la GGT es un indicador precoz y confiable de la insuficiencia renal aguda inducida por gentamicina en perros

Valores da Amplitude de Distribuição do Tamanho dos Eritrócitos (RDW) em eqüinos Puro Sangue Inglês (PSI) submetidos a exercícios de diferentes intensidades / Values of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) in thoroughbred horse submitted to exercise of different intensity

O presente estudo foi delineado para avaliar as alterações nos valores da amplitude de distribuição do tamanho dos eritrócitos (RDW) e do volume globular médio (VGM) em eqüinos PSI submetidos a exercícios de diferentes intensidades. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue de 60 eqüinos, PSI, sendo 30 machos e 30 fêmeas, distribuídos nos seguintes grupos: eqüinos de 24 a 36 meses de idade não submetidos a treinamento e após um período de 12 meses de treinamento; eqüinos de 36 a 48 meses de idade em fase de treinamento, antes e após o trote e antes e após o galope. As amostras foram processadas no contador automático de células Cell-Dyn 3500R (Abbott Diagnostic). Os valores médios obtidos para o RDW aumentaram significativamente após o trote e galope, demonstrando ocorrer alteração no grau de anisocitose porém os valores do VGM não apresentaram alterações nesses mesmos momentos.

In order to evaluate the influence of exercise of different intensities on Red Blood Cell Distribution width (RDW) and Packed Cell Volume (VG) in Thoroughbred horses, blood was collected from 60 animals, 30 males and 30 females, subdivided in groups of horses with 24 to 36 months of age and not in training, and after 12 months of training, and horses with 36 to 48 months of age in training. Blood samples where collected before and after trot and gallop. Samples where analyzed with a automatic cell counter (Cell-Dyn 3500R, Abbott Diagnostic). Red Blood Cell Distribution width (RDW) values increased significantly after trot and gallop demonstrating a variation in the size of red blood cells, while Packed Medium Cell Volume (VGM) values did not show variations before or after exercise.

Avaliação da glicemia e da atividade sérica de aspartato aminotransferase, creatinoquinase, gama-glutamiltransferase e lactato desidrogenase em eqüinos puro sangue inglês (PSI) submetidos a exercícios de diferentes intensidades / Assessment of glycaemia and serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, creatinekinase, gamma glutamyltransferase and lactate dehydrogenase in thoroughbred horses submitted exercise of different intensities

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as alterações na bioquímica sérica em eqüinos PSI submetidos a exercícios de diferentes intensidades. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue de 60 eqüinos PSI, distribuídos nos seguintes grupos: 30 animais sendo 15 machos e 15 fêmeas, com idade de 24 a 36 meses, não submetidos a treinamento e após um período de 12 meses de treinamento e 30 eqüinos de 36 a 48 meses, em fase de treinamento, antes e após o trote. Dos animais de 36 a 48 meses foram selecionados 20 machos e 10 fêmeas e colhido sangue antes e após o galope. Determinou-se, por métodos colorimétricos, os valores da glicose plasmática e, por métodos cinéticos, as enzimas aspartato aminotransferase (AST), creatinoquinase (CK), lactato desidrogenase (LDH) e gama-glutamiltransferase (GGT). A análise estatística dos resultados comprovou a ocorrência de aumento significativo (p0,05) dos valores da glicose plasmática após o trote e galope para ambos os sexos. Para as enzimas CK e LDH ocorreram aumentos significantes (p),05), porém, com diferenças entre os sexos. As alterações nos valores de AST e GGT nåo foram significativas.